Harper Lee’s “To Kill a Mockingbird” is a novel rich with themes, character development, and a profound exploration of human behavior and social justice. Among the many descriptive terms Lee employs, the word “cantankerous” stands out as a particularly evocative adjective. This article delves into the meaning of “cantankerous” within the context of the novel, examining its usage and the characters it describes to better understand its significance in the story.
Definition and General Usage of “Cantankerous”
The term “cantankerous” is an adjective used to describe someone who is bad-tempered, argumentative, and uncooperative. It often conveys a sense of irritability and a propensity for causing trouble or conflict. The word is derived from Middle English, reflecting a long history of describing difficult and quarrelsome individuals.
“Cantankerous” in “To Kill a Mockingbird”
In “To Kill a Mockingbird,” Harper Lee uses “cantankerous” to describe characters who embody these qualities, adding depth to their personalities and illustrating the broader social tensions present in the novel.
Key Characters Described as Cantankerous
1. Mrs. Henry Lafayette Dubose
One of the most prominent characters described as cantankerous in “To Kill a Mockingbird” is Mrs. Dubose. She is an elderly woman living in Maycomb who is known for her sharp tongue and hostile demeanor. Her cantankerous nature is evident in several interactions with the Finch children and other residents of the town.
Example from the Text: Mrs. Dubose frequently hurls insults at Jem and Scout Finch as they pass by her house, criticizing their father, Atticus Finch, for defending a black man, Tom Robinson. Her behavior exemplifies her irascible and argumentative disposition.
Analysis: Mrs. Dubose’s cantankerous nature serves multiple purposes in the narrative. It highlights the ingrained prejudice and hostility in Maycomb, particularly towards those who challenge social norms. Additionally, her character arc reveals a more complex inner struggle as she battles a morphine addiction. Despite her outward nastiness, Atticus sees her as a figure of courage for fighting to overcome her dependence on the drug before her death.
2. Mr. Avery
Another character who can be seen as cantankerous is Mr. Avery, an overweight neighbor who lives across the street from the Finch family. He is often grumpy and irritable, particularly towards the children.
Example from the Text: Mr. Avery blames the children for the unusually cold weather, suggesting their behavior has brought on bad luck. He also reprimands them for playing games and making noise.
Analysis: Mr. Avery’s cantankerous attitude adds to the depiction of Maycomb as a community filled with eccentric and often difficult personalities. His grumbling and superstition reflect the small-town mentality and resistance to change that pervades the town.
Thematic Significance of Cantankerous Characters
The cantankerous characters in “To Kill a Mockingbird” are not merely background figures but serve to underscore the novel’s central themes and conflicts.
1. Prejudice and Intolerance
Characters like Mrs. Dubose and Mr. Avery embody the deep-seated prejudice and intolerance present in Maycomb. Their hostile attitudes towards others, particularly those who defy social norms, illustrate the broader societal challenges that Atticus Finch and his family face.
2. Courage and Redemption
Despite their unpleasant natures, cantankerous characters such as Mrs. Dubose are also depicted with a degree of complexity. Atticus’s admiration for Mrs. Dubose’s battle against addiction adds a layer of moral ambiguity, suggesting that even the most difficult people can possess redeeming qualities.
3. Resistance to Change
The cantankerous attitudes of certain characters highlight the resistance to change that characterizes much of Maycomb. Their irritability and hostility are symbolic of the town’s broader reluctance to confront its own flaws and embrace progress.
The Role of Cantankerous Characters in the Plot
1. Conflict and Tension
Cantankerous characters contribute to the novel’s conflict and tension, both on a personal and social level. Their interactions with the main characters often serve as obstacles that must be navigated, adding complexity to the narrative.
2. Character Development
The responses of characters like Scout and Jem to the cantankerous individuals they encounter contribute significantly to their development. Learning to navigate and understand these difficult personalities helps them mature and gain insight into human nature.
In “To Kill a Mockingbird,” the term “cantankerous” is used to vividly describe certain characters who are bad-tempered, argumentative, and uncooperative. Mrs. Dubose and Mr. Avery are prime examples of such characters, their behaviors reflecting broader themes of prejudice, courage, and resistance to change within the novel. Through these characters, Harper Lee not only adds depth to her story but also provides readers with a nuanced understanding of the complexities and contradictions of human behavior in the context of a racially divided Southern town. Understanding the role and significance of cantankerous characters enhances our appreciation of the rich, multifaceted narrative Lee has crafted.